Florida researchers explore Robusta as a climate-smart alternative to Arabica

Researchers at the University of Florida (UF) Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) are pioneering efforts to cultivate alternative coffee varieties in Florida, focusing on the robustness and adaptability of Robusta coffee. This initiative emerges in response to predictions that climate change could slash global Arabica production by 80% by 2050.

Coffee, a staple beverage consumed in over 2.2 billion cups daily worldwide, is primarily harvested from two species: Coffea arabica, known for its distinct flavor and aroma, and Coffea canephora, commonly referred to as Robusta. According to Felipe Ferrao, a research assistant scientist at UF, the latter is gaining attention due to its resilience and lower cultivation demands.

Recent studies conducted by UF/IFAS, in collaboration with international partners from France and Brazil, have revealed Robusta’s potential to meet the increasing demands of the coffee industry without the extensive resource input required by Arabica. The findings, published in the journal Crop Science, indicate that Robusta not only thrives under diverse environmental conditions but also shows promise in maintaining flavor quality at high altitudes in Brazil.

The research evaluated both Robusta and Arabica across various traits over five years in three high-altitude locations in Brazil. Results demonstrated Robusta’s superior adaptability and potential for high yields, making it a prime candidate for “climate-smart coffee.”

In Florida, trials are underway to assess the growth and quality of both coffee species under local conditions, which differ significantly from those in Brazil. Experiments are being conducted at the Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, as well as in Pierson and through indoor high-tunnel structures in North Florida.

Ferrao and his team are optimistic about Robusta’s future in the region, focusing on its sustainability, quality, and plasticity—traits essential for adapting to new production systems and meeting consumer expectations. This research not only addresses the immediate challenges posed by climate change but also explores the broader potential of coffee cultivation in Florida, positioning the state as a potential new hub for coffee production in a changing global climate.