Experts outline three steps to build a more resilient UK food system

The UK must overhaul how it farms, uses land, and eats to build a food system resilient to climate change and global instability, according to a new report involving 150 experts.

The study, coordinated through a growing network of researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, launched in 2022, outlines three key transformations needed to secure the nation’s food future. The findings draw on modeling of four potential scenarios for the UK food system in a net-zero 2050, factoring in geopolitical uncertainty, trade disruption, and climate impacts.

Farming resilience and productivity

The report warns that UK farming cannot rely solely on low-carbon technology to meet sustainability goals. Instead, a “clear direction of travel” is required—similar to the coordinated effort that boosted productivity after the Second World War. Experts call for a more integrated approach to managing what is produced and consumed, aiming to reduce import dependence and free up land for other critical uses such as carbon storage and biodiversity.

Livestock production currently occupies about 85% of agricultural land when feed crops are included, limiting the potential for diversification. Expanding domestic horticultural output—particularly vegetables and salad crops—is cited as a key step to improve food self-sufficiency.

Land use for carbon and adaptation

The report notes that farmers and landowners will play a central role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Greater tree planting and management of land to absorb carbon dioxide would align the UK more closely with European standards for woodland coverage while offering co-benefits such as animal shelter, reduced soil erosion, and new green jobs.

The authors recommend a more proactive land-use strategy to balance food production with environmental services. Creating more mixed and wooded farm landscapes could reduce flood risk, limit water pollution, and enhance ecosystem resilience.

Dietary shifts for health and sustainability

Encouraging healthier and more sustainable diets is the third pillar of transformation. Greater consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes would reduce health costs associated with poor diets and ease environmental pressures linked to high meat and dairy demand.

A roadmap for the coming decades

The expert network has developed a roadmap for phased action across the 2020s, 2030s, and 2040s. It draws parallels with post-war agricultural reform and the ongoing transitions in the energy and transport sectors.

“Sticking with the status quo is not an option,” the report concludes. “System-wide transformation of the UK’s food sector will bring social, economic, and environmental benefits, along with a more diverse and resilient countryside.”