Algae-derived materials offer a new approach to water purification

Europe’s water bodies are significantly compromised, with more than half facing severe chemical pollution due to the daily use of up to 70,000 different chemicals in industries and agriculture. A groundbreaking study from the University of Duisburg-Essen, published in Advanced Sustainable Systems, introduces a novel method for purifying these polluted waters using the fossil remains of diatoms—a type of algae.

The research team, led by Junior Professor Dr. Anzhela Galstyan, focused on removing over 500 identified chemicals from Europe’s rivers, which pose a threat to aquatic life. These chemicals predominantly originate from industrial and agricultural activities. Diatoms, microscopic single-celled organisms with a silica-based cell wall, are known for their porous structure, which allows them to absorb various pollutants.

In the study, researchers tested diatom shells that were chemically modified to enhance their pollutant adsorption capacity. These tests targeted specific contaminants such as methylene blue and methyl orange, which are common in textile industry effluents. The modified diatomaceous earth was compared to silica, a standard material in water purification. The results were precise: diatomaceous earth removed up to 100% of methylene blue within an hour, significantly outperforming silica.

Dr. Galstyan emphasized the potential for scaling this method for industrial applications, noting the environmental and economic benefits of using diatomaceous earth. This material is not only effective but also eco-friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional activated carbon filters.

The team is further exploring the application of diatomaceous earth in water purification membranes, leveraging the University of Duisburg-Essen’s extensive algae collection. This development marks a significant step forward in creating sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies.